A croc attack on a flying reptile is shown by a fossil.
By Will Dunham
Reuters, January 24 Ignorant of the danger that loomed at the water's edge, a juvenile of
Cryodrakon boreas, one of the largest flying creatures in Earth's history,
wandered along a riverbank on a lush coastal plain some 76 million years ago.
It dipped its toothless beak to take a sip.
Abruptly, a massive croc emerged from the water in a surprise attack and buried
its teeth into the neck of the Cryodrakon.
In the Canadian province of Alberta during the Cretaceous Period,
that meant the difference between life and death.
In the Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta's badlands, researchers have discovered
the fossilized neck bone of a baby Cryodrakon,
a pterosaur—a flying reptile—that would have perished in a similar situation.
A sixth of an inch (4 mm) broad conical hole on the fossil, which was viewed
under a microscope and with micro-CT scans,
looks to be the bite mark of a crocodilian that either preyed on the Cryodrakon
while it was alive or scavenged its body after it died.
With wingspans of roughly 33 feet (10 meters),
adults of this pterosaur—whose scientific name translates to
"cold dragon of the north wind" in allusion to Alberta's harsh current
climate—were as tall as giraffes.
The youngster had a wingspan of almost seven feet, or two meters.
The elongated neck bone is 2-1/4 inches (58 mm) in length and is approximately
two-thirds complete. The bone is thin.
A large portion of its exterior wall is thinner than a credit card.
Many pterosaur species are believed to be connected to the water, and the majority
of crocodilians are ambush predators that feed at the water's surface.
Caleb Brown, a paleontologist from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology
in Alberta, who is the lead author of the study that was published this week in the
Journal of Paleontology, stated that if it was predation, it most likely occurred as
an ambush at the water's surface.
Brown went on to say, "A pterosaur would be at the water's surface for a number
of purposes, including drinking and hunting for food itself."
Crocs today are both scavengers and active predators.
Brian Pickles, an ecologist and co-author of the study
from the University of Reading in England, stated, "There is no trace of healing,
meaning the wound either happened at the time of death during an attack
or after the animal was already dead."
As the largest of the pterosaurs, which were related to the dinosaurs,
Cryodrakon was in competition with Quetzalcoatlus, which was also a resident
of North America at the time.
Brown stated, "They were carnivorous, but scholars have disputed as to their
feeding style - with hypotheses ranging from heron-like land stalkers
to aquatic probers to carrion-eating scavengers."
The researchers observed that dinosaur predators in this area at the time,
such the Tyrannosaurus relatives Gorgosaurus, had teeth that were not shaped
like the puncture mark.
Among the crocodilians that inhabited this ecosystem were the diminutive
Albertochampsa and the larger Leidyosuchus, which was about 12 feet (3.5 meters)
in length. There was also the semiaquatic Champsosaurus, which looked like a croc.
This habitat was flat, moist, and warm; it was divided by huge rivers.
In addition to different crocs, turtles, small mammals, and birds, there were dinosaurs
that ate meat, horned dinosaurs, armored dinosaurs, and dinosaurs with duck bills.
In fact, scientists know more about the creatures that consumed Cryodrakon and
its closest relatives than they do about the food it consumed.
The meat-eating dinosaur Saurornitholestes
left bite marks and an embedded tooth on another Cryodrakon specimen from
Dinosaur Provincial Park.
The stomach contents of a Mongolian Velociraptor were discovered to include
the bone of a relative of the Cryodrakon.
Another one from Romania has what appear to be bite marks from crocs.
Because pterosaurs' bones are thin and delicate, they are less likely to be preserved
as fossils than dinosaurs, despite their occasionally enormous size.
Brown stated, "This fossil helps establish the ecological significance of these
extremely strange species by providing direct evidence for ecological interactions."
Source reuters.com
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