Uncovering the Dark Secrets of Mosasaurs: Cannibal Sea Dragons
By Utrecht University
Based on new technology and fossil findings, recent studies on mosasaurs provide
insight into their evolutionary ties, eating patterns, and evolution, illuminating topics
such as cannibalism and the group's beginnings. In 1766, mosasaurs—extinct sea
lizards—were first found in the Netherlands, close to Maastricht.
The study of fossilized creatures having backbones, known as vertebrate paleontology,
was aided by this discovery.
The most thorough investigation into the early ecology and development of these
extinct sea predators was recently carried out by palaeontologist Michael Polcyn.
In recognition of his pioneering work on the evolution of mosasaurs, Polcyn was
awarded his PhD by Utrecht University on December 16.
The rise of new and unique animal groups above the level of species is known
as macroevolution, and the development of dinosaurs is a prime illustration
of this process.
Even though they have been studied for centuries, we are continually learning about
their interactions and behaviors—some of which still surprise us—thanks
to fresh findings, innovative research methodologies, and technological
advancements.
For example, we now have a far better idea of which group of lizards the mosasaurs
most likely descended from thanks to the utilization of comprehensive comparative
anatomy made possible by micro-CT scanning technologies.
Progress in Paleontological Techniques
He has also been able to determine the early evolutionary relationships of several
previously challenging fossil taxa and investigate the interior features of mosasaur
braincases thanks to the use of these cutting-edge imaging technologie
"This study examined both small- and large-scale components
of their feeding biology in addition to the group's early evolution," Polcyn added.
"The first instance of cannibalism in mosasaurs was documented by a specimen
I found in Angola that included the remains of three other mosasaurs in its stomach,
one of which belonged to the same taxon as the predator."
Evolutionary Perspectives from Fossil Findings
Similar to the ancestors of whales, mosasaurs are a group of lizards that first appeared
on the sea approximately 100 million years ago.
They developed into highly adapted aquatic creatures that occupied a wide range
of niches and environments over the course of their 34 million-year lifespan.
Following the meteorite impact that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago,
they went extinct along with a host of other species.
According to Polcyn, "a good understanding of the relationships among those species,
which have been grouped into four broad groups, is made possible by the relatively
large number of fossils that are available from the second half of the evolutionary
history of mosasaurs."
"A lot less is known about their early evolutionary history, the beginnings
of mosasaurs in general, and the relationships between those key families."
In order to fill in these gaps, Polcyn has concentrated on revealing new findings
and reexamining old specimens using cutting-edge imaging techniques,
offering important new anatomical data that is utilized to deduce evolutionary links.
By determining that mosasaurs are not closely related to snakes, Polcyn's discovery
helps settle a long-running scientific disputeand supports the notion
that their closest cousins are the monitor lizards.
Exposing Dietary Practices Using Fossil Data
Mosasaur eating habits were also poorly understood until Polcyn in Angola
discovered a fossilized mosasaur with three other mosasaurs in its stomach,
one of which was the same species as the predator. This finding filled a tiny but
noteworthy information gap.
It is impossible to say for sure whether that mosasaur actively sought its prey
or scavenged, but we do have the earliest known instance of cannibalism in mosasaurs.
We also learned more about the relative body sizes of predators and prey,
as well as how mosasaurs metabolized their food.
A comprehensive analysis of mosasaur feeding behavior, examining how
the group's evolutionary history led to the division of foraging zones, is also
part of his dissertation.
Polcyn combined previously published data with a brand-new, enormous
sample that comprised discoveries from all across the world and covered
a time span of 92 to 66 million years ago.
The study's findings shed light on mosasaur eating diversity and foraging area
segregation trends.
The Paleontological Transition
Polcyn entered the field of paleontology by an unconventional academic route.
Following a career in technology and engineering and a stint in the U.S. submarine
service, he focused on studying extinct vertebrates, particularly marine reptiles.
He presently works at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, as a Senior
Research Fellow at IS
Source scitechdaily.com
Comments
Post a Comment