According to a study, 13% of the world's forest loss occurs outside of wealthy nations like the US and the UK due to consumption.
According to study, the richest countries in the world are "exporting extinction"
by losing 15 times as much biodiversity abroad as they do domestically.
According to a study that examined how the demand for goods like cattle, palm oil,
lumber, and soy beans by wealthy nations is affecting biodiversity hotspots elsewhere,
the majority of wildlife habitats are being destroyed in countries with tropical forests.
It was discovered that 13% of the worldwide loss of forest habitats outside
of their boundaries was caused by high-income countries.
Three percent of the damage of forest habitat in non-US countries
was caused by the US alone.
Lead researcher Alex Wiebe, an ecology and evolutionary biology PhD student
at Princeton University in the United States, said, "That really highlights
the magnitude of the process."
According to the study, which was published in Nature, the US, Germany, France,
Japan, China, and the UK were the nations that had the most effects overseas.
Around 90% of the world's species are threatened by habitat loss, which is mostly
brought on by the conversion of natural habitats to agricultural land.
According to Princeton University co-author
Prof. David Wilcove, "by importing food and lumber, these affluent nations are
basically exporting extinction."
"The effects of human consumption on the environment are dispersed by global trade;
in this instance, it causes the more developed countries to import their food from poorer,
more biodiverse countries in the tropics, which leads to the extinction of more species."
In regions like Madagascar, Brazil, and Indonesia that have great biodiversity,
deforestation is common.
Analyzing these trends, according to researchers, may support more focused
conservation efforts and sustainable food production.
Reclaiming average UK cropland for nature may be five times more detrimental
to global biodiversity, according to a different study conducted by an international
team of academics headed by the University of Cambridge.
According to the article published in the journal Science, this "biodiversity leak"
mechanism may cause a more severe reduction in the planet's species when
new nature reserves are established.
Lead author Professor Andrew Balmford of the University of Cambridge stated,
"As countries in temperate regions like Europe save more land, the associated
shortages in food and timber production will have to be made up someplace."
A large portion of this is probably going to occur in regions of the world like
South America and Africa that have laxer regulations.
"Unless we try to address this leak, areas of considerably greater importance
for nature are likely to pay the price for conservation efforts in wealthier nations,"
Balmford stated. According to the authors, if demand for high-footprint goods
like beef declined, leakage might be lessened.
The most biodiverse places and those with low potential for wood or food
production should also be the focus of conservation efforts.
According to the paper, there is also the possibility of collaboration between farmers
and conservationists, such as developing chocolate that is favorable to forests
or herding methods that also safeguard snow leopards. The effects
of 24 high-income countries—including the biggest economies
in the world—on over 7,500 forest-dependent bird,
mammal, and reptilian species were examined in the Nature study
on exporting extinction.
They examined data from 2001 to 2015 to determine which species lived
in the devastated forests and where they were located.
Although prior research indicates that around 80% of agricultural land is utilized
for the production of meat and dairy products, they did not examine the kinds
of crops being farmed.
Generally speaking, countries had the biggest effects on the tropical forest species
that were nearest to them. While China and Japan have a higher influence
on south-east Asian rainforests, the United States,
which did the most damage beyond its boundaries, has the biggest impact
in Central America.
According to Wiebe, "countries have the capacity to affect species worldwide,
even more so than within their own boundaries, by progressively outsourcing
their land usage."
"This marks a significant change in the way that new threats to wildlife arise."
Source theguardian.com
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