When a feather gene is disrupted, chickens exhibit dinosaur-like patterns.
By Plos
feathers are unbranched and undeveloped, much like the feathers of primitive
protofeathers.
Even while some recovery happens after hatching, our results demonstrate
the importance of Shh signaling for feather patterning and provide strong evidence
for the possibility that feathers arose from simpler skin structures. Given that damaged feather follicles can revive weeks later, the study also suggests
that biological systems are resilient.
Interrupting a Crucial Feather Formation Pathway
Chickens' feather formation is severely disrupted when the sonic hedgehog (Shh)
signaling pathway is blocked, which limits the growth, folding, and branching
of feather buds. This conclusion is based on research conducted by Rory Cooper and Michel
Milinkovitch of the University of Geneva in Switzerland, which was published
in PLOS Biology on March 20.
Complex structures, feathers differ greatly in shape among bird species, body parts,
and life stages. They are a great model to study the development of tissues in embryos because
of their complex shapes. There has not been much direct experimental proof of the Shh pathway's significance
during feather creation, despite the fact that it is known to be crucial for feather
growth and patterning.
Feather Growth Visualization Using Advanced Imaging
Cooper and Milinkovitch employed light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging
to investigate the normal patterning of embryonic feathers and the shape development
of these feathers in order to close this knowledge gap. In order to pharmacologically suppress Shh pathway signaling during feather formation
at embryonic day 9, which comes before feather-bud outgrowth on the wings,
the investigators also employed precise intravenous injections of sonidegib.
Until embryonic day 14, this therapy produced unbranched and non-invaginated
feather buds that resembled putative proto-feathers, momentarily
halted feather development, and altered Shh expression to generate striped domains
rather than spots on the skin.
Recovery of Feathers and Their Evolutionary Consequences
During development, hatched sonidegib-treated hens showed exposed
areas of the skin surface with disturbed follicles, even if feather development partially
restored later. Interestingly, by seven weeks after hatching, these follicles had been reactivated,
demonstrating the resilience of feather patterning as a developmental process.
Overall, the work offers thorough functional evidence for the Shh pathway's participation
in controlling chicken feather growth, bolstering the hypothesis that altered Shh
signaling has aided in the evolutionary diversification of feathers and other skin
appendages like
scales on the foot. The discovery, according to the authors, also highlights how
crucial in-vivo research is to gaining a thorough grasp of developmental systems.
Questions for the Future of Scale and Feather Evolution
"Our tests demonstrate that while a temporary disruption in the scale development
of feet can permanently transform them into feathers, it is considerably more difficult
to interrupt feather development itself," the scientists continue. Understanding how these genetic interactions have evolved to permit the appearance
of protofeathers early in dinosaur evolution is currently the main problem.
Source scitechdaily.com
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